Which medication is often prescribed to manage symptoms of severe alcohol withdrawal?

Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms of severe alcohol withdrawal because they effectively help alleviate the anxiety, agitation, and seizures that can occur when a person stops drinking abruptly after prolonged use. These medications work by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to calm the central nervous system.

In cases of severe alcohol withdrawal, individuals may experience a range of symptoms collectively known as alcohol withdrawal syndrome, which can include tremors, sweating, increased heart rate, hallucinations, and seizures. Benzodiazepines are particularly beneficial because they not only provide sedation and relieve anxiety, but they also reduce the risk of seizures, making them the first-line treatment for managing withdrawal symptoms safely.

Other medication types listed, such as serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, barbiturates, and atypical antipsychotics, either do not specifically address the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal or may not be as effective or safe as benzodiazepines in this context.