What is addiction characterized by?

Addiction is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and the use of substances despite harmful consequences. It is described as a chronic disease because it can lead to long-lasting changes in brain function and behavior. This definition emphasizes the persistent nature of addiction, as individuals often continue to use substances even when they are aware of the negative effects on their lives—such as health issues, strained relationships, and impaired functioning.

The chronic aspect underscores the need for ongoing management and treatment, as addiction can be relapsing and requires continuous support. This understanding of addiction as a compulsive disorder is crucial in developing effective treatment strategies that focus on both behavioral and physical aspects of substance use. The other options suggest a misunderstanding of addiction's defining features, focusing on infrequent use or short-term effects rather than the compulsive, persistent nature of the condition.