What defines "substance abuse" in terms of drug or alcohol use?

The definition of "substance abuse" is characterized by the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and drugs, despite experiencing negative consequences. In this context, a person engages in repeated substance use that leads to detrimental effects on their life—such as issues with relationships, work, or health—but does not necessarily exhibit the compulsive behaviors or physical dependency characteristics associated with addiction.

The choice regarding continuous substance use without developing a compulsion reflects the essence of abuse, where an individual may not have reached the level of addiction but nevertheless engages in risky or harmful drinking or drug use behaviors. This definition captures the essence of substance abuse without implying that the individual is physically dependent or undergoing withdrawal symptoms, which are typically associated with addiction.

In contrast, the other definitions imply aspects of addiction or dependency, such as experiencing tolerance or withdrawal, highlighting a level of obsession or physical need that is beyond mere abuse.