How is substance use disorder (SUD) classified?

Substance use disorder (SUD) is classified as a medical condition characterized by significant impairment in an individual’s functioning due to the use of substances. This includes a range of negative consequences that can affect various aspects of life, such as social relationships, employment, and mental or physical health. The definition of SUD acknowledges that it is not merely a lifestyle choice or a bad habit but rather a complex, chronic disease that requires treatment, similar to other health issues like diabetes or heart disease.

The classification as a medical condition reflects an understanding that SUD can alter brain chemistry and function, leading to compulsive substance-seeking behavior despite harmful consequences. This medical perspective is crucial for guiding effective interventions and support for individuals struggling with addiction, emphasizing the need for clinical treatment rather than judgment or stigma.

In contrast, viewing SUD as a lifestyle choice underestimates its severity and overlooks the physiological and psychological factors involved. Describing it as an inconsequential habit trivializes its impact on individuals and communities, while labeling it a temporary phase fails to recognize its potential for chronic recurrence without appropriate treatment and support.